A diesel and specifically a TDI is super sensitive to timing settings. To make a good timing setting you must find the TDC. Sometimes you can't or have the tools needed.
I've done it like this several times when the belt has been of with good results.
- Everything is referenced with the first cylinder. Remove the glow plug or the even better the injector for the first cylinder.
- Use a long metal rod (welding rod is perfect) and let it rest on top of the piston. Turn the engine slowly until you reach the point where the rod is standing still and starts moving down again. Vision is good but with a finger resting on the rod you'll be amazed how accurate you can be.
- Turn the engine back and forth a few times to find the two points where the rod stops moving and the point where you have the smallest movement noticeable again.
- You have now found the two points that are the entrance and exit points for the crest of the TDC. This means, right in between these two points you have TDC.
- If you can you should now mark it up with a drill mark or similar on the flywheel.
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